IEEE 1584 · Engineering
Power System Study & Analysis - Carelabs Turkey
Power system study and analysis solves the power flow equations that govern your electrical network, verifying that generators, lines, transformers, and shunt elements perform as intended, withstand expected stress, and are protected against failures. For a Turkish facility this brings together load flow analysis, short-circuit and fault analysis, and relay coordination into one connected study. Carelabs performs the full study in ETAP and delivers findings aligned with TS HD 60364.
Free ConsultationProtection needs a path to operate
Overcurrent protection depends on enough fault current flowing to operate it. Where the earth fault path has higher impedance than the design assumed, the device does not trip quickly, and it may not trip at all.
What We Deliver
Earth fault loop impedance verified
Loop impedance is measured at representative points and compared against the value required for the protective device to operate within its disconnection time, rather than assumed from cable length.
WHY IT MATTERS
A fault that never generates enough current
Where earth fault loop impedance is too high, the protective device sees a current below its operating threshold. The fault persists, the conductor heats, and touch voltages remain present on equipment that appears normal.
- Loop impedance measured at representative points rather than calculated from assumed cable routes and lengths.
- Disconnection times checked against the requirements in TS HD 60364 for the circuit type and protective device installed.
- Electrode resistance measured seasonally where possible, since soil resistivity varies and a dry-season value can be substantially worse.
- Continuity of protective conductors verified, because a degraded or broken connection removes the path entirely while leaving the installation apparently functional.
- Earthing arrangement confirmed per source, as available earth fault current differs between utility supply and standby generation.
DELIVERABLES
What you receive
Issued against TS HD 60364 and the İç Tesisler Yönetmeliği requirements, with measured values recorded rather than pass marks.
- 1Measured earth fault loop impedance at each tested position, with the value required for compliance
- 2Calculated earth fault current per position and the resulting disconnection time
- 3Electrode resistance and protective conductor continuity results
- 4An assessment of the earthing arrangement against what the protection assumes
- 5Remediation ranked by the circuits where disconnection time is not achieved
How the study runs
Establish the arrangement
The earthing arrangement actually in use is confirmed on site, since it is frequently not what the drawings or the original design describe.
Measure the earthing system
Electrode resistance, protective conductor continuity and connection condition are measured, establishing the present state of the path.
Measure loop impedance
Earth fault loop impedance is measured at representative points across the installation rather than calculated from assumed cable data.
Calculate the consequence
Available earth fault current and resulting disconnection time are calculated per position and compared against the requirement.
Check each source
The assessment is repeated for standby generation where present, because the earthing arrangement and available current can differ entirely.
Report and rank
Findings are ranked by the circuits where disconnection time is not achieved, since those are where the protection does not work as intended.
Frequently asked questions
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